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antibiotics fosfomycin fos ff 200 nitrofuran nitrofurantoin  (Thermo Fisher)


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    Structured Review

    Thermo Fisher antibiotics fosfomycin fos ff 200 nitrofuran nitrofurantoin
    Antibiotics Fosfomycin Fos Ff 200 Nitrofuran Nitrofurantoin, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/fosfomycin/Fosfomycin+disodium%2C+90%25/pm41886145-126-12-38
    Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    antibiotics fosfomycin fos ff 200 nitrofuran nitrofurantoin - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    94/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Lysis:

    Article Title: A Processive Protein Chimera Introduces Mutations across Defined DNA Regions In Vivo
    Article Snippet: Gene blocks were obtained from Integrated DNA Technologies. .. Reagents: The following reagents were obtained as indicated: Kanamycin monosulfate, fosfomycin, agar, and chloramphenicol (Alfa Aesar J61272, J66602, A10752, and B20841, respectively); tetracycline hydrochloride (CalBioChem 58346); rifampicin (TCI R0079); ampicillin (Fisher Bioreagents BP1760-25); streptomycin sulfate (MP Biomedical 100556); tetrazolium chloride, L-rhamnose, antifoam-204, and ethyl methanesulfonate (Sigma-Aldrich T8877, W373011, A8311, and M0880, respectively); L-arabinose and cycloheximide (Chem-Impex 01654 and 00083, respectively); and lysogeny broth (LB; Difco 244620); anhydrous sodium phosphate dibasic and monobasic sodium phosphate (Mallinckrodt 7917 and 7892, respectively); potassium chloride and isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (Sigma P9333 and I6758, respectively); magnesium sulfate (Macron 6070-12); o-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside and egg-white lysozyme (VWR 0789 and 0663, respectively); PopCulture lysis reagent (EMD Millipore 71092- 4); 2-mercaptoethanol (Bio-Rad 161-0710); trimethoprim (Matrix Scientific 058373). ..

    Diffusion-based Assay:

    Article Title: IncL plasmid-mediated dissemination of OXA-48 β-lactamase and bla CTX-M-15 gene amplification identified via long-read sequencing in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales
    Article Snippet: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints were applied for cefoperazone, netilmicin and tetracycline., Additionally, in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) isolates, susceptibility to novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (βL-βLIs), including meropenem–vaborbactam, imipenem–relebactam, ceftazidime–avibactam and ceftolozane–tazobactam, was determined using the MIC test strip (bioMérieux, France). .. Susceptibility to cefiderocol was tested by the disc diffusion (Oxoid, UK) and to fosfomycin using the MIC test strip (Liofilchem, Italy). ..

    Stripping Membranes:

    Article Title: IncL plasmid-mediated dissemination of OXA-48 β-lactamase and bla CTX-M-15 gene amplification identified via long-read sequencing in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales
    Article Snippet: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints were applied for cefoperazone, netilmicin and tetracycline., Additionally, in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) isolates, susceptibility to novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (βL-βLIs), including meropenem–vaborbactam, imipenem–relebactam, ceftazidime–avibactam and ceftolozane–tazobactam, was determined using the MIC test strip (bioMérieux, France). .. Susceptibility to cefiderocol was tested by the disc diffusion (Oxoid, UK) and to fosfomycin using the MIC test strip (Liofilchem, Italy). ..

    other:

    Article Title: The Chlamydia -related Waddlia chondrophila encodes functional type II toxin-antitoxin systems.
    Article Snippet: Immunofluorescence For immunofluorescence upon iron starvation, infected cells grown on glass coverslips were treated with BPDL 75 (μM) at 8 hpi and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (at room temperature for 15 min) 24 hpi, washed three times with PBS and incubated in blocking solution (10% fetal calf serum [FCS], 0.1% saponin, and 0.04% sodium azide in PBS) at 4°C for at least 2 h. For immunofluorescence of untreated, novobiocin-, and fosfomycin-treated samples, after the fixation step, coverslips were incubated 5 min at room temperature in PBS containing 0.5% Triton X-100 and then for 30 min at room temperature with Image-iT FX signal enhancer (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific), before a blocking step (in PBS containing 10% FCS, 0.3% Triton and 0.2% sodium azide) of 15 min at 37°C.

    Article Title: Integrative phenotypic and genomic analysis of extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase genes in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonaceae strains isolated from animals in a Spanish Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
    Article Snippet: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat, exacerbated by globalization which facilitates the spread of resistant bacteria.. Addressing this issue requires a One Health perspective, involving humans, animals, and the environment.. This study aims to compare the phenotypic resistance profiles of 69 clinical bacterial isolates (Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonaceae) from a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Spain with their genotypic resistance profiles based on the presence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC and carbapenemases -enconding genes.

    AST Assay:

    Article Title: Genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from Urban Environmental water sources in Accra, Ghana, Provides Insights into public health implications
    Article Snippet: .. The antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of the identified E . coli isolates was conducted with a panel of 12 antibiotic discs (Oxoid, UK), including chloramphenicol (C30), ampicillin (AMP10), ciprofloxacin (CIP5), trimethoprim-sulfamethodazole (STX 1.25 / 23.75 ), cefotaxime (CTX30), ceftazidime (CAZ30), ceftriaxone (CRO30), cefuroxime (CXM30), meropenem (MEM10), fosfomycin (FOF200), azithromycin (AZM15), and amikacin (AK30). .. These antibiotics were chosen based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of Enterobacterales [ ] and because they have been frequently used in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria in human and veterinary medicine in Ghana.



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    Effects of IFA (400 μg/mL) combined with antibiotics on bacterial viability of E. coli O157:H7. (A) <t>Fosfomycin</t> sodium. (B) Ceftriaxone. (C) Gentamicin. (D) Polymyxin B. (E) Streptomycin. (F) Chloramphenicol. (G) Tetracycline. (H) Azithromycin. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.
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    Thermo Fisher antibiotics fosfomycin fos ff 200 nitrofuran nitrofurantoin
    Effects of IFA (400 μg/mL) combined with antibiotics on bacterial viability of E. coli O157:H7. (A) <t>Fosfomycin</t> sodium. (B) Ceftriaxone. (C) Gentamicin. (D) Polymyxin B. (E) Streptomycin. (F) Chloramphenicol. (G) Tetracycline. (H) Azithromycin. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.
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    Effects of IFA (400 μg/mL) combined with antibiotics on bacterial viability of E. coli O157:H7. (A) <t>Fosfomycin</t> sodium. (B) Ceftriaxone. (C) Gentamicin. (D) Polymyxin B. (E) Streptomycin. (F) Chloramphenicol. (G) Tetracycline. (H) Azithromycin. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.
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    Effects of IFA (400 μg/mL) combined with antibiotics on bacterial viability of E. coli O157:H7. (A) <t>Fosfomycin</t> sodium. (B) Ceftriaxone. (C) Gentamicin. (D) Polymyxin B. (E) Streptomycin. (F) Chloramphenicol. (G) Tetracycline. (H) Azithromycin. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.
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    Liofilchem fosfomycin mic test strips
    ( A ) Phase contrast images of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phase. Scale bar: 5 µm. ( B ) Superplots showing the distribution of cell lengths in populations of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells in the exponential (exp) and stationary (stat) growth phase. Data (n=100 cells per replicate) are presented as described for . The statistical significance ( p -value) of differences between conditions was assessed using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ns indicates p -values >0.1. ( C ) Serial dilution spot assay investigating the growth of C. crescentus Δ anmK (PR252) and Δ amgK (PR262) on plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin. The cells were spotted on the same plates as those depicted in . See for all replicates (n=3 independent experiments). ( D ) Levels of N-acetylmuramic acid (Mur N Ac) in the cytoplasm of C. crescentus wild-type and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, measured by metabolomics analysis through quantification of the corresponding mass spectrometric peak areas. The mass spectrometric peak areas were normalized against the mean obtained for the Δ amgK mutant. The statistical significance of differences between the two strains was determined using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ( E ) Analysis of the growth of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ nagK (PR255), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells on agar containing a <t>fosfomycin</t> gradient. The fosfomycin concentrations on the <t>MIC</t> test strip are indicated in the legend on the right.
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    Liofilchem fosfomycin mic test stripes
    ( A ) Phase contrast images of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phase. Scale bar: 5 µm. ( B ) Superplots showing the distribution of cell lengths in populations of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells in the exponential (exp) and stationary (stat) growth phase. Data (n=100 cells per replicate) are presented as described for . The statistical significance ( p -value) of differences between conditions was assessed using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ns indicates p -values >0.1. ( C ) Serial dilution spot assay investigating the growth of C. crescentus Δ anmK (PR252) and Δ amgK (PR262) on plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin. The cells were spotted on the same plates as those depicted in . See for all replicates (n=3 independent experiments). ( D ) Levels of N-acetylmuramic acid (Mur N Ac) in the cytoplasm of C. crescentus wild-type and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, measured by metabolomics analysis through quantification of the corresponding mass spectrometric peak areas. The mass spectrometric peak areas were normalized against the mean obtained for the Δ amgK mutant. The statistical significance of differences between the two strains was determined using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ( E ) Analysis of the growth of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ nagK (PR255), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells on agar containing a <t>fosfomycin</t> gradient. The fosfomycin concentrations on the <t>MIC</t> test strip are indicated in the legend on the right.
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    Bostik Inc fosfomycin
    ( A ) Phase contrast images of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phase. Scale bar: 5 µm. ( B ) Superplots showing the distribution of cell lengths in populations of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells in the exponential (exp) and stationary (stat) growth phase. Data (n=100 cells per replicate) are presented as described for . The statistical significance ( p -value) of differences between conditions was assessed using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ns indicates p -values >0.1. ( C ) Serial dilution spot assay investigating the growth of C. crescentus Δ anmK (PR252) and Δ amgK (PR262) on plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin. The cells were spotted on the same plates as those depicted in . See for all replicates (n=3 independent experiments). ( D ) Levels of N-acetylmuramic acid (Mur N Ac) in the cytoplasm of C. crescentus wild-type and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, measured by metabolomics analysis through quantification of the corresponding mass spectrometric peak areas. The mass spectrometric peak areas were normalized against the mean obtained for the Δ amgK mutant. The statistical significance of differences between the two strains was determined using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ( E ) Analysis of the growth of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ nagK (PR255), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells on agar containing a <t>fosfomycin</t> gradient. The fosfomycin concentrations on the <t>MIC</t> test strip are indicated in the legend on the right.
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    ( A ) Phase contrast images of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phase. Scale bar: 5 µm. ( B ) Superplots showing the distribution of cell lengths in populations of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells in the exponential (exp) and stationary (stat) growth phase. Data (n=100 cells per replicate) are presented as described for . The statistical significance ( p -value) of differences between conditions was assessed using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ns indicates p -values >0.1. ( C ) Serial dilution spot assay investigating the growth of C. crescentus Δ anmK (PR252) and Δ amgK (PR262) on plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin. The cells were spotted on the same plates as those depicted in . See for all replicates (n=3 independent experiments). ( D ) Levels of N-acetylmuramic acid (Mur N Ac) in the cytoplasm of C. crescentus wild-type and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, measured by metabolomics analysis through quantification of the corresponding mass spectrometric peak areas. The mass spectrometric peak areas were normalized against the mean obtained for the Δ amgK mutant. The statistical significance of differences between the two strains was determined using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ( E ) Analysis of the growth of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ nagK (PR255), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells on agar containing a <t>fosfomycin</t> gradient. The fosfomycin concentrations on the <t>MIC</t> test strip are indicated in the legend on the right.
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    Liofilchem fosfomycin
    ( A ) Phase contrast images of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phase. Scale bar: 5 µm. ( B ) Superplots showing the distribution of cell lengths in populations of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells in the exponential (exp) and stationary (stat) growth phase. Data (n=100 cells per replicate) are presented as described for . The statistical significance ( p -value) of differences between conditions was assessed using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ns indicates p -values >0.1. ( C ) Serial dilution spot assay investigating the growth of C. crescentus Δ anmK (PR252) and Δ amgK (PR262) on plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin. The cells were spotted on the same plates as those depicted in . See for all replicates (n=3 independent experiments). ( D ) Levels of N-acetylmuramic acid (Mur N Ac) in the cytoplasm of C. crescentus wild-type and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, measured by metabolomics analysis through quantification of the corresponding mass spectrometric peak areas. The mass spectrometric peak areas were normalized against the mean obtained for the Δ amgK mutant. The statistical significance of differences between the two strains was determined using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ( E ) Analysis of the growth of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ nagK (PR255), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells on agar containing a <t>fosfomycin</t> gradient. The fosfomycin concentrations on the <t>MIC</t> test strip are indicated in the legend on the right.
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    Image Search Results


    Effects of IFA (400 μg/mL) combined with antibiotics on bacterial viability of E. coli O157:H7. (A) Fosfomycin sodium. (B) Ceftriaxone. (C) Gentamicin. (D) Polymyxin B. (E) Streptomycin. (F) Chloramphenicol. (G) Tetracycline. (H) Azithromycin. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

    Article Title: Isoferulic acid suppresses Escherichia coli biofilm formation via LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing inhibition and synergizes with fosfomycin

    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1837128

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of IFA (400 μg/mL) combined with antibiotics on bacterial viability of E. coli O157:H7. (A) Fosfomycin sodium. (B) Ceftriaxone. (C) Gentamicin. (D) Polymyxin B. (E) Streptomycin. (F) Chloramphenicol. (G) Tetracycline. (H) Azithromycin. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Fosfomycin sodium, cefquinome, gentamicin, polymyxin B, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and azithromycin were purchased from MCE.

    Techniques:

    In vivo evaluation of the IFA/fosfomycin sodium combination strategy. (A) Mouse survival rate during the treatment period. (B) Bacterial load in ileum after different treatments. (C) Bacterial load in liver after different treatments. (D) Bacterial load in spleen after different treatments. (E) H&E staining of liver, spleen, and ileum tissues. Yellow arrows: shedding of intestinal villous epithelial cells, green arrows: cellular swelling, blue arrows: lymphocytes, purple arrows: granulocytes, black arrows: congestion, orange arrows: nuclear fragmentation, light green arrows: pigment deposition. (F) Fluorescence staining of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin) in ileum tissues. **** p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

    Article Title: Isoferulic acid suppresses Escherichia coli biofilm formation via LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing inhibition and synergizes with fosfomycin

    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1837128

    Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo evaluation of the IFA/fosfomycin sodium combination strategy. (A) Mouse survival rate during the treatment period. (B) Bacterial load in ileum after different treatments. (C) Bacterial load in liver after different treatments. (D) Bacterial load in spleen after different treatments. (E) H&E staining of liver, spleen, and ileum tissues. Yellow arrows: shedding of intestinal villous epithelial cells, green arrows: cellular swelling, blue arrows: lymphocytes, purple arrows: granulocytes, black arrows: congestion, orange arrows: nuclear fragmentation, light green arrows: pigment deposition. (F) Fluorescence staining of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin) in ileum tissues. **** p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Fosfomycin sodium, cefquinome, gentamicin, polymyxin B, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and azithromycin were purchased from MCE.

    Techniques: In Vivo, Staining, Fluorescence

    ( A ) Phase contrast images of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phase. Scale bar: 5 µm. ( B ) Superplots showing the distribution of cell lengths in populations of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells in the exponential (exp) and stationary (stat) growth phase. Data (n=100 cells per replicate) are presented as described for . The statistical significance ( p -value) of differences between conditions was assessed using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ns indicates p -values >0.1. ( C ) Serial dilution spot assay investigating the growth of C. crescentus Δ anmK (PR252) and Δ amgK (PR262) on plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin. The cells were spotted on the same plates as those depicted in . See for all replicates (n=3 independent experiments). ( D ) Levels of N-acetylmuramic acid (Mur N Ac) in the cytoplasm of C. crescentus wild-type and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, measured by metabolomics analysis through quantification of the corresponding mass spectrometric peak areas. The mass spectrometric peak areas were normalized against the mean obtained for the Δ amgK mutant. The statistical significance of differences between the two strains was determined using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ( E ) Analysis of the growth of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ nagK (PR255), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells on agar containing a fosfomycin gradient. The fosfomycin concentrations on the MIC test strip are indicated in the legend on the right.

    Journal: eLife

    Article Title: Peptidoglycan recycling is critical for cell division, cell wall integrity, and β-lactam resistance in Caulobacter crescentus

    doi: 10.7554/eLife.109465

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Phase contrast images of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phase. Scale bar: 5 µm. ( B ) Superplots showing the distribution of cell lengths in populations of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells in the exponential (exp) and stationary (stat) growth phase. Data (n=100 cells per replicate) are presented as described for . The statistical significance ( p -value) of differences between conditions was assessed using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ns indicates p -values >0.1. ( C ) Serial dilution spot assay investigating the growth of C. crescentus Δ anmK (PR252) and Δ amgK (PR262) on plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin. The cells were spotted on the same plates as those depicted in . See for all replicates (n=3 independent experiments). ( D ) Levels of N-acetylmuramic acid (Mur N Ac) in the cytoplasm of C. crescentus wild-type and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, measured by metabolomics analysis through quantification of the corresponding mass spectrometric peak areas. The mass spectrometric peak areas were normalized against the mean obtained for the Δ amgK mutant. The statistical significance of differences between the two strains was determined using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ( E ) Analysis of the growth of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ nagK (PR255), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells on agar containing a fosfomycin gradient. The fosfomycin concentrations on the MIC test strip are indicated in the legend on the right.

    Article Snippet: Resistance against fosfomycin was assessed using Fosfomycin MIC Test Strips (Liofilchem, Italy).

    Techniques: Serial Dilution, Spot Test, Mutagenesis, Stripping Membranes

    ( A ) Phase contrast images of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phase. Scale bar: 5 µm. ( B ) Superplots showing the distribution of cell lengths in populations of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells in the exponential (exp) and stationary (stat) growth phase. Data (n=100 cells per replicate) are presented as described for . The statistical significance ( p -value) of differences between conditions was assessed using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ns indicates p -values >0.1. ( C ) Serial dilution spot assay investigating the growth of C. crescentus Δ anmK (PR252) and Δ amgK (PR262) on plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin. The cells were spotted on the same plates as those depicted in . See for all replicates (n=3 independent experiments). ( D ) Levels of N-acetylmuramic acid (Mur N Ac) in the cytoplasm of C. crescentus wild-type and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, measured by metabolomics analysis through quantification of the corresponding mass spectrometric peak areas. The mass spectrometric peak areas were normalized against the mean obtained for the Δ amgK mutant. The statistical significance of differences between the two strains was determined using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ( E ) Analysis of the growth of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ nagK (PR255), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells on agar containing a fosfomycin gradient. The fosfomycin concentrations on the MIC test strip are indicated in the legend on the right.

    Journal: eLife

    Article Title: Peptidoglycan recycling is critical for cell division, cell wall integrity, and β-lactam resistance in Caulobacter crescentus

    doi: 10.7554/eLife.109465

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Phase contrast images of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phase. Scale bar: 5 µm. ( B ) Superplots showing the distribution of cell lengths in populations of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells in the exponential (exp) and stationary (stat) growth phase. Data (n=100 cells per replicate) are presented as described for . The statistical significance ( p -value) of differences between conditions was assessed using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ns indicates p -values >0.1. ( C ) Serial dilution spot assay investigating the growth of C. crescentus Δ anmK (PR252) and Δ amgK (PR262) on plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin. The cells were spotted on the same plates as those depicted in . See for all replicates (n=3 independent experiments). ( D ) Levels of N-acetylmuramic acid (Mur N Ac) in the cytoplasm of C. crescentus wild-type and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, measured by metabolomics analysis through quantification of the corresponding mass spectrometric peak areas. The mass spectrometric peak areas were normalized against the mean obtained for the Δ amgK mutant. The statistical significance of differences between the two strains was determined using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ( E ) Analysis of the growth of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ nagK (PR255), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells on agar containing a fosfomycin gradient. The fosfomycin concentrations on the MIC test strip are indicated in the legend on the right.

    Article Snippet: Chemical compound, drug , fosfomycin MIC test stripes , Liofilchem, Italy , Cat. #: 92078 , .

    Techniques: Serial Dilution, Spot Test, Mutagenesis, Stripping Membranes